Imikino mu mateka: umupira w amaguru wigaruriye isi
Umupira w'amaguru ni umwe mu mikino iriho kuva mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19. Ubu abantu b'imgeri zitandukanye baburira mu kibuga bagakina uwo mikino, ari ababigize umwuga n'abatarabigize umwuga, kandi abawukunda n'abawureba ntibahwema kwiyongera.
Uyu mukino wigaruriye imitima myinshi y'abatuye isi.
Kimomo
N'ubwo mu ntango z'ikinyejana cya 20 hari hakiri byinshi byo gukorera iterambere ry'umupira w'amakuru, ubu abashaka gutanga ubutumwa biyambaza umupira w'amakuru, kuko ari wo uhuruza imbaga kurusha undi mukino uwo ari wo wose.
Kugira ngo uyu mukino ukwire ku isi yose, abongereza babigize mo uruhare runini, kuko batemberaga cyane, bakagenda bashinga amakipe hirya no hino aho imirimo yabo yaberekezaga, nko mu Burayi no muri Amerika y'epfo.
Bateguraga imikino bagashinga amashyirahamwe yaje guhinduka za federasiyo z'umupira w'amakuru mu bihugu, bityo umupira w'amakuru ugenda wigarurira imitima y'abatuye isi gahoro gahoro.
Abarimu bateje imbere uyu mukino, kuko abajyaga kwihigurira cyangwa kwiga mu Bwongereza, batahanaga umupira mu mizigo yabo, bagakina n'abo basanze iwabo cyangwa mu mashuri bigishaga mo.
Ubu Faransa; ubu Suwisi n'ibihugu bitandukanye byo mu Burayi bwo hagati bitangira gukururwa n'uwo mukino.
Mu mwaka wa 1888 i Saint-Petersbourg hahaha ikipe y'umupira w'amaguru.
Amashyirahamwe yari amaze gushingwa yakurikiranaga ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'amategeko agenga umupira w'amaguru yari amaze gushyirirwa ho mu Bwongereza.
Mu mwaka was 1904 bishyizwe mo imbaraga cyane n'umufaransa Robert Guerin n'umuholandi Hirschmann, amashyirahamwe arindwi yo mu Burayi yaateraniye i Paris ashyira ho FIFA.
Ayo mashyirahamwe ni iry'ubu Faransa; iry'ubu Holandi; iry'ubu Biligi; irya Danemariki; urya Hisipaniya n'iry'ubu Suwisi. Umufaransa R. Guerin atorerwa kuyiyobora.
FIFA yemeraga ishyirahamwe rimwe muri buri gihugu, kandi igihugu kitari muri FIFA nticyemererwaga kwitabira amarushanwa yateguwe nayo, yaba ay'ibihugu cyangwa ahuza amakipe.
Mu mwaka wa 1930, imikino ya mbere y'igikombe cy'isi yateguwe na FIFA ibera muri Uruguay, yitabirwa n'ibihugu 13, birimo bine by'i Burayi.
Muri icyo gihe kandi umupira w'amaguru watangiye kugirwa umwuga, nko mu bu Faransa mu mwaka wa 1932-1933. Uwo mukino ugenda uba gikwira gahoro gahoro.
Igikombe cy'isi ihuriro rihoraho
N'ubwo intambara ya kabiri y'isi yaje kurogoya uruhererekane rwacyo, kuva ku gikombe cy'isi cyakiriwe n'ubu Taliyani mu mwaka wa1934, cyahindutse ihuriro rikomeye ry'abakinzi b'umupira w'amaguru icyakiriwe n'ubu Faransa mu mwaka wa1938, cyabanjirije intambara ya kabiri y'isi.
Iri huriro ry'abakunzi ba ruhago, ryongeye kugaruka mu mwaka wa 1950 rihururiza imbaga mu gihugu cya Burezili, ahafatwa nk'ubutaka bw'ubumaji mu mupira w'amaguru.
Kuva icyo gihe, hatangiye ihangana rihambaye hagati y'umugabane w'u Burayi na Amerika y'epfo, ibihangange bibiri muri ruhago, byakinaga umupira w'amaguru mu buryo butandukanye.
FIFA yakomeje kubaka ubwami bwayo, ari na ko mu kibuga amayeri n'ubuhanga byo gukina umupira w'amaguru byagenda bizamuka.
Ni muri uwo rwego mu mwaka wa 1958, isi yamenye umusore w'umunya Burezili Edson Arantes do Nascimento wamenyekanye ku izina rya Pele, yabaye nk'umuvugizi w'umupira w'amaguru, ndetse arawamamaza mu gihe kigera ku myaka 20.
Abandi bakinnyi bane babaye ibyamamare mu mateka y'umupira w'amaguru, ni Umudage Franz Beckenbauer; Umuholandi Yohan Cruyff; Umunyarijantina Diego Maradona n'Umufaransa Michel Platini.
Abayobozi nabo bagize ijambo ryabo nka R. Guerin uwa mbere wayoboye FIFA; Gabriel Hanot washyize ho amarushanwa y'amakipe yitwaye neza i Burayi; Joao Havelange wayoboye FIFA kuva 1974 kugeza 1998. Uyu mugabo yagize uruhare runini ngo ishyirahamwe ry'ubu Shinwa rigaruke muri FIFA mu mwaka wa1979; ashyira ho irushanwa ry'abakiri bato (Juniors) n'igikombe cy'isi cy'abagore.
Ubu umupira w'amaguru ni wo mukino wa mbere ukunzwe n'abantu benshi ku isi, FIFA ifite umubare w'abanyamuryango ingana nk'uwa ONU, kandi igikombe cy'isi cy'umupira w'amaguru n'imikino ya Olempike, ni yo ikurura abarebyi benshi kuruta indi mikino.